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Accessibility Module

Acquia Web Governance (formerly known as Optimize) accounts are currently only available to Cascade Managers and designated points of contact in the Content Cleanup & Accessibility Compliance project.

There are a variety of views and report options available within the Acquia Web Governance accessibility module to help you review and remediate potential accessibility errors. We recommend the Checklist view which offers a helpful overview and prioritizes issues that you must fix, warnings that are likely to be issues, and potential issues that require manual review to ensure compliance.

Digital Accessibility at W&M

91心頭利 is working to enhance our digital accessibility standards and requirements to meet or exceed new federal and state regulations. Significant Cascade updates began in January 2025 to help improve the accessibility of your content to meet the compliance deadline of April 2026. Learn more about web accessibility in Cascade.

91心頭利’s digital accessibility team ensures campus-wide compliance with required standards, offering tools, training and support to make digital content accessible for all users, including students with disabilities. Learn more and find digital accessibility resources.

Access the Checklist

  1. .
  2. Select your domain or group name to access the Dashboard.
  3. Select Accessibility. This brings you to the Summary screen.
  4. Select Checklist. This view organizes the flagged checks into three categories: Issues to Fix, Warnings and Issues to Review. Focus your efforts first on Issues to Fix.
  5. Next to each check you will find additional information.
    • Select the Help center (grad cap) icon for a detailed explanation of the check.
    • Select the count of affected pages to open the list of affected pages.
      • Select Inspect page with browser extension (mag glass icon) to view details while viewing the page in your browser — see below for further instructions.

Locate the Issues on Your Pages Using the Browser Extension

If you have installed:

  • Follow steps 1-5, above, and select the mag glass icon by each page in the list (see Screenshot 1). This will open the page in a separate tab of your browser and the Acquia Web Governance information panel will slide out from the side.
  • The Information panel includes options to help locate the flagged content (see Screenshot 2).
  • Select the Highlight (mag glass) icon to highlight the affected content on the page (see Screenshot 3). Tip: If your page includes collapsed or hidden content, first expand all content.
  • If it cannot visually highlight the issue, select the HTML (< / >) icon by each rule and the extension will try to highlight the issue in the source code of the page (see Screenshot 4). While you may not be familiar with html, look for context clues that will help you then locate the issue on the visible page.

Tip: You can also use the browser extension while viewing any of your webpages to see the latest scan data about the page.

Optional: Mark Issues to Fix and Warnings as "Fixed"

Using the tables below that explain each issue or warning as guidance, you can mark each snippet as "Fixed" as you go to remove it from your checklist. The next weekly scan will re-surface that snippet if it still detects an issue or warning. A button to mark items as fixed appears within the browser extension (see Screenshot 5) and within the accessibility module on the Page Details screen. If you mark something as fixed inadvertently, simply await the next week's scan to check the snippet again.

Optional: Mark Issues to Review as "Reviewed"

Using the table below explaining items to review as guidance, you may mark a snippet as "Reviewed" to permanently remove it from your reports if you are confident it is compliant. A button to mark items as reviewed appears within the browser extension (see Screenshot 6) and within the accessibility module on the Page Details screen. We cannot undo this action. 

Example: Under Issues to Review you see a number of your pages flagged for "Are headings used for formatting?" You select the count of pages flagged for this issue to view the list and you select one of the pages for details. You manually review all headings on that page and are confident they are not being used for visual formatting and they follow proper hierarchical structure. You may mark that issue on that page as "Reviewed."

Screenshot 1: Select the Inspect page with browser extension (mag glass) icon at the right side of the screen.Screenshot 2: Select the HTML (< / >) or Highlight (mag glass) icons to locate the failed issue on the page.

Screenshot 3: Select the Highlight (mag glass) icon to highlight the issue on the page.Screenshot 4: Select the HTML (< / >) icon to highlight the failed issue in the source code of the page.

Screenshot 5: Select "Mark as Fixed" in the browser extension. Some checks also offer this button in the accessibility module under Page Details.

Screenshot 6: Select "Mark as Reviewed" in the browser extension. The button is also available in the accessibility module under Page Details.

Accessibility Checks Configured for Content Editors

The accessibility checks in Acquia Web Governance for "91心頭利" and the school domains have been configured to ignore most issues that would require access to the page templates or source code to remediate. This keeps the checks focused primarily on content issues considered actionable by our Cascade editors. As a result, accessibility compliance scores are skewed higher than the posted industry averages on the Accessibility Summary view.

Review additional guidance for Cascade editors and POCs working on accessibility compliance for the April 24, 2026 federal and state deadline.

Issues to Fix (Levels A and AA Required)

These are issues that can be machine-tested and are therefore errors that must be fixed for compliance.

Three column table with header cells in the first row
Name of Check Explanation Suggestions

Button is missing an accessible name

May indicate a template issue
Complex data table is missing ID and/or header attributes to associate headers with data cells Likely indicates that a table has two layers of header cells or other incorrect use of header cells
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the non-compliant table cells.
  • Review the Tables help page for guidance.
  • Update the identified table to only use one layer of header cells and ensure proper scope is set for all header cells.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Element marked as hidden must not be included in tab navigation May indicate a template issue
Elements intended as presentation-only contain focusable content

Indicates the use of links in collapsible list headings (these elements serve to open and close the expandable content and must not also include links)

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the non-compliant headings.
  • Remove any links from these headings.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Form field is missing an accessible name Cascade sites have a very limited use of form fields but if the issue is listed, it indicates there is one that needs remediating for compliance.
Heading is missing an accessible name

Likely indicating:

  • One or more headings are included on the page with no content in them — this occurs most often when an editor has tried to add extra visual space between elements on the page by including an empty heading.
  • An image is within a heading — this occurs most often when an editor has inserted an image and it was inadvertently inserted within a heading instead of the adjacent paragraph.
  • Erroneous, hidden code was pasted in from another source when adding the text of the heading to the page.
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the issue on the page. When you highlight the reported issue in the information panel, you may see it as something similar to <h2>&nbsp;</h2> or <h3> </h3> — the "&nbsp;" or " " are the equivalent of an empty heading.
  • If it's an empty heading, delete it.
  • If it's an image within a heading tag, delete the image from the page and re-insert it — ensure you do not insert it in a heading.
  • If it's erroneous code, select the visible heading text and select Format > Clear formatting — then reapply the heading format (review the Formatting help page for details).
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Iframe element is missing an accessible name Indicates an embed in the source code of the page is missing a required element
  • Remediating this issue requires access to the source code.
  • Discuss with the member of your team who is responsible for the embed and contact your Cascade Manager for assistance.
Image is missing alternative text

Indicates an image on the page with no "alt attribute" in the source code. This is rare, but it may occur on some older pages.

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the affected image(s).
  • Update the image's file and update the Display Name field — this is the image's default alt text. If the image was used as a content image, you must also edit the page, select the affected image, select the Insert/edit image button to open the dialog box, un-check the 'This is a decorative image. No description needed.' check box. Fill in a brief description of the image in the 'Image description' field — this will only be used as the alt text for that specific usage of the image.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Incorrect use of ARIA state or property Likely indicates one or more aria labels in the source code of the page that were  copy/pasted in through the WYSIWYG editor inadvertently
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the non-compliant aria labels in the source code.
  • Edit the page, use your cursor to select the portion of content you think holds the offending hidden code and select Format >> Clear formatting.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Layout tables must not contain caption elements

Likely indicates the use of a table for layout/formatting purposes, which must be removed

Note: All tables in Cascade require a caption be provided, so tables must only be used to organize data meaningfully into rows and columns, where a caption is appropriate. Collapsible lists are a unique exception. They are used for layout/formatting purposes, but they are handled uniquely in the source code to ensure they meet accessibility requirements.

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the non-compliant table.
  • Tables used for collapsible lists should not trigger this issue due to custom source code in our templates that improves their accessibility.
  • If the table is organizing data into meaningful rows and columns, the issue can be resolved by adding appropriate header cells (review the Tables help page to learn how).
  • If the table is not a collapsible list and is being used for layout purposes, update the page to include the content without the use of a table.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Layout tables should have an empty summary attribute or none at all

This will be rare and indicates an old hidden table summary is still included in the source code of the page.

Cascade now uses a caption to provide a description to those using screen readers.

  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance in removing the table's summary from the source code.
Link is missing an accessible name

Indicates a link in the source code with no visible link text on the page, or a linked image with no alt text for the image.

 

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the non-compliant link.
  • If it is a link with no visible text, contact your Cascade Manager for assistance in removing the link from the source code.
  • If it is an image that is linked, ensure the image has alt text:
    • Update the image's file and update the Display Name field — this is the image's default alt text and will be included each time the image is used unless overridden by the Image Description field for content images.
    • For content images, you must also edit the page, select the affected image, select the Insert/edit image button to open the dialog box, ensure the Image Description field is filled in with a brief description of the image  — this will only be used as the alt text for that specific usage of the image. Note: If the 'This is a decorative image. No description needed.' check box is selected, un-check it to un-hide the Image Description field. 
Page is missing a title

This will be rare and indicates the page includes a link for visitors to an element such as a row or deprecated page type.

  • If the indicated "page" missing a title is a Cascade row file, check relationships to that row file to help locate where you may be inadvertently linking to a row file in the body of the page.
  • If the indicated "page" missing a title is something other than a row, contact your Cascade Manager for assistance.
Scrollable content is not accessible using the keyboard

This is less common, but identifies large tables that may be causing an issue on some devices.

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the non-compliant link.
  • If it is a table used for layout/formatting purposes, adjust the page to present the content without a table.
  • If it is a table you believe is used correctly for organizing data logically into rows and columns, contact your Cascade Manager for assistance confirming.
  • If it is something other than a table,  contact your Cascade Manager for assistance.
Table header is not associated to any data cells Indicates that table header cells do not have a scope assigned
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the non-compliant table cells.
  • Adjust the setting for  the header cells to assign correct scope (review the Tables help page for guidance).
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.

Warnings (Levels A and AA Required)

These are issues that will require your manual review. They may be issues for you to address, but they require your manual investigation to confirm. 

Three column table with header cells in the first row
Name of Check Explanation Suggestions
Are the hidden images decorative?

Indicates an image marked as decorative, or missing alt text, may include meaningful content and it needs reviewing 

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the identified image(s).
  • If the image conveys no meaningful content, you can disregard the warning for that image. 
  • Event feed row images should only be photos or text-free graphics that convey no additional content. As of April 18, 2026, these images are treated as decorative in the source code — you can disregard this warning for those images.
  • If the image does contain meaningful content not otherwise conveyed on the page:
    • Update the image's file and update the Display Name field — this is the image's default alt text.
    • For content images, you must also edit the page, select the affected image, select the Insert/edit image button to open the dialog box and un-check the 'This is a decorative image. No description needed.' check box, and fill in a brief description of the image in the 'Image description' field that is now available — this will only be used as the alt text for that specific usage of the image.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Are white space characters used to format tables? Likely indicates an editor has tried to adjust the visual layout or meaning of the content using multiple spaces — the scan will flag the use of three or more adjacent spaces.
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the spaces.
  • If unintentional, update the page to remove the extra spaces.
  • If intentional, update the page to use appropriate page elements such as headings followed by paragraph text or tables to communicate the information accessibly.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Do links with the same name serve the same purpose? Indicates the page is using the same link text repeatedly which makes it more difficult for a visitor using a screen reader to determine which links to visit; frequent culprits are link text such as "learn more" or "click here"
  • Review the page and update the link text to more unique and meaningful phrases.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Do the iframe elements with same name have same purpose? Indicates multiple embedded elements on the page that need to be reviewed to ensure the details in the embed are unique enough for those using assistive technology to tell them apart
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate and review the identified issue.
  • If it is flagging multiple YouTube videos embedded on the page using the supported methods (widget, page embed using {{ }}, video feature or 50-50 rows), this warning can be disregarded.
  • If it is flagging a non-YouTube embed, discuss with the member of your team who is responsible for the embed and contact your Cascade Manager for assistance.
Is the image alternative text descriptive enough?

Indicates images and graphic elements that do have alternative text in place

Your task is to confirm if the text serves as a good alternative for the image — it should clearly describe its purpose or meaning. If the description is too vague or generic, users who rely on screen readers may not understand the image's relevance or intent.

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate and review the image(s).
  • The current accessible name, or alt text, for each image will be displayed in the information panel as part of the code snippet displayed in each pink box — it's the quoted text that follows alt=.
  • If the alt text is appropriately descriptive, no changes are needed.
  • If it is not appropriately descriptive, update it in Cascade:
    • Edit the image's file and update the Display Name field — this is the image's default alt text and will be included each time the image is used unless overridden by the Image Description field for content images
    • For content images, also update the Image Description field by editing. the page, selecting the image and selecting 'Insert/edit image' — this will only be used as the alt text for that specific usage of the image.
  • As of April 18, 2026, event feed row images are treated as decorative in the source code with no alt text provided, and will therefore no longer trigger this check. 
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.
Is there a text alternative for the multimedia file?

Indicates links multimedia file types (including GIFs) that may be missing a text transcript

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the multimedia.
  • For audio and video files, ensure a transcript is available.
  • This check can be ignored for GIF files if they do not include movement.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.

Issues to Review (Levels A and AA Required)

Reviews require manual judgement. While these are included in the count of "failing issues" they are not necessarily an issue at all. These are flagged for content elements that require proper usage to avoid accessibility barriers and their location is simply being identified for you to encourage regular review to assure compliance — they can only be verified as accessible through your manual review. 

Three column table with header cells in the first row
Name of Check Explanation Suggestions
Are all visual lists correctly coded as lists? Identifying possible use of text numerals, dashes, etc. to simulate a list without using proper ordered or unordered list formatting
Are headings used for formatting? All pages that include headings are flagged for this review.
  • Regularly review the headings on your pages to ensure they are being used to accurately convey hierarchical structure and not to just format the appearance of your text.
  • The page's title serves as the Heading 1. Whenever you can organize your page content into topical sections, use the Heading 2 format to add meaningful section titles. Heading 3 can then be used to organize those into additional sub-sections.
Are the table captions identifying the table? All tables with captions are flagged for this review.
  • Review the table captions to ensure compliance (review the Tables help page for guidance).
Does text over background image meet minimum contrast requirements?

Indicates an image on the page may contain text with poor contrast (the luminosity contrast ratio between text and background color in all images must meet specific standards).

We strongly recommend no text content be communicated in images unless it is a logo or similar brand mark that is not trying to convey content. This ensures that the text can be resized, read by screen readers, and adapted to different user needs.

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the flagged image(s).
  • Additional testing tools such as WAVE accessibility tool to evaluate contrast ratios will be needed to ensure that users can read text that is presented over a background.
Does the audio file have a text transcript? Indicates use of an audio file
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the audio file(s).
  • If words or meaning are conveyed, ensure a transcript is available.
Do the images contain text?

Indicates a suspected image with text in it that requires manual review to verify

False positives will be caused by overlays or gradients in the images typically associated with text, or by patterns or other design elements misinterpreted as text.

We strongly recommend no text content be communicated in images unless it is a logo or similar brand mark that is not trying to convey content. This ensures that the text can be resized, read by screen readers, and adapted to different user needs.

  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the flagged image(s).
  • If words or meaning are conveyed, ensure it is also accessible on the page for screen readers, either as brief alt text for the image or in the adjacent text on the page.
Is table markup used for all table information consistently?

Indicates that the page may be presenting content in a tabular manner other than using a true table, for example multiple spaces or pipe ( | ) characters used to visually organize content.

Pages may also be listed for this review if there are hidden elements in the source code organizing the content in an inaccessible manner.

  • Review the page to ensure text elements are not being used to present the content in a visually tabular manner — for example a series of spaces to visually align content with other content.
  • A single pipe ( | ) character is allowable for separating adjacent links for improved readability. Alternatively, you could also consider using an ordered or unordered list to delineate the items.
  • Contact your Cascade Manager for assistance, if needed.

Is the heading descriptive enough?
All pages that include headings are flagged for this review.
  • Regularly review the headings on your pages to ensure they clearly describe the topic or purpose of the content that immediately follows it.
Is the image a flickering GIF? Indicates use of a GIF file with a width and height larger than 25 pixels
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the GIF image(s).
  • Review any identified GIFs to see if they flicker or flash rapidly. Flickering images can trigger seizures or headaches for some users, and may be distracting or uncomfortable for others. If the image flashes more than three times per second or is visually intense, remove it.
Is the pre element used to create a table? Typically only indicated for pages containing visible code samples and will be rare.
  • Select the magnifying glass icon to inspect the page with the  to locate the "pre" element.
  • This check can be ignored if code samples are deemed appropriate.

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